Dev | PPMC

Accurately Timing Video Frames: A Guide to 29.97 and 59.94 FPS

Understanding video frame rates can be tricky, especially if you come from a real-time graphics background where everything is measured in milliseconds. Most video formats use a simple frame rate of 30 frames per second (FPS), which translates to 33.3333 milliseconds per frame. However, when it comes to 29.97 and 59.94 FPS video, the timing is a bit more complicated.
- Feb 24, 2023
Tales of Multiply Map and Gamma Correction

Using a detail map, or multiply map, on top of diffuse map is a somewhat popular way to eliminate the repeating pattern on tiled textures.
- Feb 18, 2015
Introduction to Shader Programming

Apparently, I said it would happen soon-ish, but totally forgot about mentioning it when the book was out almost an year ago. I guess I was just occupied with other things for the last 10 months.
- Feb 9, 2015
06. Love Cartoons? Here's Toon Shader

New HLSL in this chapter ceil(): finds the smallest integer value greater than the input parameter.
- Jan 26, 2015
05. Let's Add Colors to Objects: Diffuse/Specular Shader

Why do different objects have different colors? It is because they absorb and reflect different spectrums of incoming light. For example, a black surface looks black because it absorbs all the spectrums, and a white surface is white because it reflects everything. Likewise, a red surface reflects red spectrum while absorbing the others.
- Jan 12, 2015
Future of Intro to Shader Programming Book

I have been posting the English version of my Intro to Shader Programming book in this blog. I intended to publish it some years ago, but I had more important things to occupy myself. I thought it was a bit too late to publish this book, but I got lucky this time.
- Feb 13, 2014
04. Basic Lighting Shader - Part 2

Specular Light
- Feb 11, 2014
04. Basic Lighting Shader - Part 1

New HLSL in this chapter NORMAL: a shader semantic used to retrieve normal data from a vertex buffer normalize(): normalizes a vector dot(): dot product function saturate(): clamps a value to [0, 1] range reflect(): vector reflection function pow(): raises base to the power of exponent
- Feb 5, 2014
03. Texture Mapping

New HLSL in this chapter sampler2D: a texture sampler data type which is used to get a texel from a texture tex2D(): a HLSL function to sample a texel from a texture swizzling: a way to access the components of a vector in an arbitrary order
- Jan 15, 2014
02. It's Really Easy! Red Shader! Red Shader

New HLSL in this chapter float4: a vector data type with 4 components float4x4: 4 X 4 matrix data type mul(): multiplication built-in function. Can handle almost all data types POSITION: Semantic for vertex position. Useful to read only the position info from vertex data
- Jan 7, 2014